What are the symptoms of a traumatic brain injury?

What Are the Symptoms of a Traumatic Brain Injury?

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are among the most serious and life-altering injuries a person can experience. Often caused by car accidents, falls, sports incidents, or violent assaults, TBIs can result in long-term physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments. Yet, the signs of a traumatic brain injury are not always immediately obvious — making early recognition and medical attention absolutely critical.

In this article, we’ll break down the most common symptoms of a TBI, how they may appear, and why understanding them is so important for both medical and legal reasons.

What Is a Traumatic Brain Injury?

A traumatic brain injury occurs when an external force causes the brain to move inside the skull, resulting in damage to brain tissue. TBIs can range from mild concussions to severe brain trauma that causes permanent disability or even death.

TBIs are typically classified as:

• Mild (e.g., concussion)
• Moderate
• Severe
  

The severity of a TBI often determines the types and intensity of symptoms a person may experience.

Common Symptoms of a Traumatic Brain Injury

Symptoms of a TBI can appear immediately after the incident or may take hours or even days to fully manifest. They are typically grouped into four categories: physical, cognitive, emotional, and sensory.

1. Physical Symptoms

• Headaches that worsen or persist
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or loss of balance
• Fatigue or drowsiness
• Difficulty speaking or slurred speech
• Loss of consciousness (even for a few seconds)
• Seizures or convulsions
• Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears

2. Cognitive Symptoms

• Confusion or disorientation
• Memory loss
• Trouble concentrating
• Difficulty with problem-solving
• Feeling mentally “foggy” or slow
• Poor judgment

3. Emotional & Behavioral Changes

• Irritability or mood swings
• Anxiety or depression
• Increased frustration or aggression
• Changes in personality
• Withdrawal from friends or family
• Lack of motivation or apathy

4. Sensory Issues

• Blurred or double vision
• Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
• Sensitivity to light or sound
• Altered taste or smell
• Numbness or tingling in extremities

Why Recognizing TBI Symptoms Matters

Failing to recognize and treat a TBI early can lead to serious long-term consequences. Some individuals experience post-concussion syndrome, which includes prolonged symptoms that last weeks or months. In more severe cases, a TBI can result in permanent brain damage, impacting a person’s ability to work, maintain relationships, or care for themselves.

When to Seek Help

If you suspect you or someone you love may have suffered a TBI, seek immediate medical attention. Once you’ve received care, consider speaking with an experienced personal injury attorney to understand your legal rights and options.